West Asia. In all specifications the dependent . In Document B, the Muslim forces could of abused the power they had over Theodemir and his followers. The great golden age of Islamic Spain was the 10th century, during the heyday of the Umayyad caliphate (756-1031). How the Early Islamic Empire Expanded. It is notable that although there are a few occurrences of Muslims carrying out the. Make sure to: Include evidence from at least two different documents; Elaborate/explain your evidence; Cite the document in parenthesis (Document #) or at the beginning of the sentence . A Caliph's Dream. After you have completed these steps, answer the Final Claim. The objective of the . Islamic leaders used taxes from wealthy merchants to build and maintain public works such as schools, hospitals, dams, and bridges. He established a new unified polity in the Arabian Peninsula which under the subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad . As of the 1510s the empire had possession of Sunni Islam's three holiest shrine cities—Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. In the eighth century, all of northern Africa, the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), India, and Indonesia became . Early Islamic Period. The Islamic empire continued after the death of Muhammad. The Early Islamic World was a period of rapid expansion for both the Islamic Empire and the religion of Islam. From being a small religious sect in the Middle East, Islam has for centuries grown into one of the world's major religions with close to 1.8 billion adherents worldwide. It is believed that the Ottoman Empire was able to grow so rapidly because other countries were weak and unorganized, and also because the Ottomans had advanced military organization and tactics for the time. The early Islamic empire expanded using three methods. Byzantine Empire 2 . The early Islamic empire expanded using three methods. The Islamic religion expanded throughout much of Asia, North Africa and into Europe fairly rapidly. The Islamic empire began to expand beyond the Arabian Peninsula after the death of the prophet and founder of Islam, Mohammed, in 632 CE. Abu Bakr, who ruled from 632 to 634, secured the entirety of the Peninsula and extended into present-day southern Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine. The Middle East at the time was ruled by the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Persians, who had exhausted each other fighting a series of devastating wars that left them with no real capacity for defense when the united Arab Muslims arrived in force. Consolidation and expansion (1405-1683) After the death of Timur in 1405, power began to shift from migrating peoples to sedentary populations living in large centralized empires. Exhaustion of the Opposing Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Empire as a Factor for Early Muslim Conquest. If there's a Muslim ruling class, and if you want to be associated with that ruling class, that might be a worldly motivation in order to actually convert. 637. In 711 the armies of Islam conquered the Iberian Peninsula, which now became the westernmost outpost of the Islamic empire. How the Early Islamic Empire Expanded. Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. By around the middle of the 7th century, they ruled over much of . (7.1.2 - Describe…the spread of major religions.) Some of that money from conquering people and from trade went into building new irrigation systems and new canals that helped farmers get more out of their land. With the wining of the war they could . Their empire was centered in present-day Turkey, and extended its influence into southeastern Europe as well as the Middle East.Europe was only temporarily able to resist their advance: the turning point came at the Battle of Varna in 1444 when a European coalition army failed to stop the Turkish advance. Large trade networks spanned much of the globe including faraway places like China, Africa, and Europe. Ira M. Lapidus, in his A History of Islamic Societies writes: "The question . At its height the empire . Arab Muslim forces conquered vast territories and built imperial structures over time. In just 70 years they had subdued the whole of North Africa . Even today, Muslim and Christians are competing for the conquest of the remaining pagan tribes in these islands. The rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula had a significant impact on Aksum during the seventh and eighth centuries. How Islam Expanded The early Islamic empire expanded in several different ways, such as winning wars, signing peace treaties with enemies, and giving gifts to soldiers and nobles. Dhimmi is . Muslim forces took control of Syria in 636 CE when they fought the Eastern Roman Empire (which included Greece) at the Battle of Yarmuk. The culture flourished as Arabic art and architecture reached new heights. Make sure to include evidence from at least two different documents. The armies of Islam quickly and easily conquered the Arabian peninsula before moving on to take the homelands of their various neighbours. Expansion, The expansion of Islam historically embraces two phenomena. The sacrifice. (Corroboration): How is the account of Muslim expansion in Document C different from the accounts in Document A and Document B? While Europe was languishing in the dark ages, the Middle East was experiencing a time of economic prosperity and scientific advancement. The greatest source of expansion was the acceptance of Islam by the rulers and kings. How did the early Islamic empire expand? Islam had not entered the Malay Archipelago until the 14th century when the northern coast Sumatra was occupied and Java became a Muslim mission field. In the early days of the Ottoman Empire, the main goal of its leaders was expansion. Step 2: Document A: The Battle of the : Yarmuk: Who was al-Biladuri? In document A it states "by Allah's help, some 70,000 of them (the Greeks) were put to death" infuring that they had killed off the Greeks army and they had won the war. How did the early Islamic empire expand? The Scientific Method, and the Advancement of Medicine. The first caliphs of the Islamic World were the Rashidun, or "rightly guided," caliphs and they controlled a vast empire. The early Muslim conquests ( Arabic: الفتوحات الإسلامية, al-Futūḥāt al-Islāmiyya ), also referred to as the Arab conquests and the early Islamic conquests began with the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. The early Muslim Caliphates (632 to 661) presided over the consolidation of the Arabian peninsula under Islam and early expansion of the empire. In the late 1400's AD, Portuguese explorers figured out how to sail around Africa . What strategies were used by Muslims to spread Islam? Even today, Muslim and Christians are competing for the conquest of the remaining pagan tribes in these islands. B: The Treaty of . According to the Sunni Muslims, the Rashidun caliphs were chosen by Muhammad's followers and all four were legitimate caliphs. First, the Islamic empire expanded through military force. Empires. For example, some argue that the Muslims changed Spain's language, religion, and society. After about 1683, when the last Ottoman campaign against Vienna failed, the great empires for which this period is so famous began to shrink and weaken, just as western Europeans first began to show their potential . (Sourcing) Who was al-Biladuri? The Islamic empire continued after the death of Muhammad. Spain was conquered by the Muslims in the 9th century, and it is commonly held that they transformed Spanish society. How did the early Islamic empire expand? Time Period: 500 CE - 1300 CE Expansion of the Early Islamic Empire Muhammad lived from 570-632 CE. See answer (1) Best Answer Copy The early Caliphates (or Islamic Empires) expanded due to a number of factors. What type of document is this? Now the other thing that we do know about these early Muslim empires, and many of the Muslim empires, is they did have this notion of dhimmi status. _____ Tying it all together: Write a thesis statement based on the following prompt: Explain the causes of the expansion of the Islamic Empire between the 7th and 8th century. The Islamic Empire was great for farmers. Golden Age of Islam The early part of the Abbasid rule was a time of peace and prosperity. Most of the Peninsula remained under Islamic rule until the early 13th century. Islam had not entered the Malay Archipelago until the 14th century when the northern coast Sumatra was occupied and Java became a Muslim mission field. According to this . Intro: The Golden Age. A marginal Muslim, Sundiata expanded the empire, increased production from the alluvial gold fields, developed the military, and claimed to be a liaison with the spirit world. Expansion of Early Islamic Empires Objective: I can analyze three different documents to explain how early Islamic caliphates expanded. Society. The vast and sweeping Islamic Empire was created during the 7th and 8th centuries CE, reaching a unity . Within the century of the establishment of Islam upon the Arabian Peninsula and the subsequent rapid expansion during the early Muslim conquests, one of the most significant empires in world history was formed. Islam entered Burma from India through Muslim traders. Thesis Tip: Use the bull's eye to dissect the prompt: . HOW DID ISLAM EXPAND? Marching out of Arabia in 639 they entered non-Arab Egypt; 43 years later they reached the shores of the Atlantic; and in 711 they invaded Spain. Its early period coincided with the dark ages of Europe, allowing the Islamic Caliphate to expand into places all the way in mainland Europe and the Indian subcontinent. The Byzantines enjoyed public baths, swimming pools, and chariot racing, much as the ancient Romans did. After Muhammad ' s death, Abu Bakr became the first caliph , the title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam. Pass out the Graphic Organizer. The Islamic world sat in the middle of Afro-Eurasia's great civilizations and along major global trade routes. Who did Allah sacrifice his son? Trade and commerce played an important role in the early Islamic world. As a result, the Islamic world became a . Main Idea 1: Muslim armies conquered many lands into which Islam slowly spread. Why or Why not? First, the Islamic empire expanded through military force. Money is important for any economy . After their acceptance, their territories were automatically added to the Muslim Empire. The early state began in Medina and gradually gained Mecca, Hunayn, Tabouk, and a large majority of the populated regions of the Arabian Peninsula. Step 2-4: Use the documents below complete steps 2-4. This article will discuss how there was much continuity with the past in Spain in the early centuries of Islamic rule and that, at least . The early Islamic Empire expanded because of how they treated people and followers of a different religion, as well as how becoming a Muslim or respecting their religion gave you benefit. According to the document A: battle of Yarmuck, the battle was fierce and bloody. Expansion Packet. Islam was also spread through military conquest. The Umayyads were more focused on territorial expansion . Umayyad directed a conquest that would extended from Spain and Morocco all the way to the Indus River Valley. The Spread of Islam. Bosa Duma Yattrib Al-Khatt BknuDha. Document A: The Battle of the Yarmuk 1. How did the early Islamic empire expand? Starting in the Arabian Peninsula, expansion really started after the death of Muhammad in 632. The government he had set up was altered to provide for a governmental and religious leader that . Most of the significant expansion occurred during the reign of the Rashidun from 632 to 661 CE, which was the reign of the first four successors of Muhammad. The reason for this remains to be seen, but many historians have generally attributed this to several factors that shaped the religion's . The Muslims gathered together, and the Greek army marched against them. The Islamic world's early success resulted from Islamic leader's support for learning and education. Greco-Roman culture is a blending of traditions that are both ancient Greek and Roman. When Muslims entered the holy city of Christianity, Jerusalem in 638 CE, the Christian patriarch leader Sophronius describes the muslim as "godless Muslims that entered the holy . The spread of Islam was half due to the fact that they showed a tolerance for conquered people but also because Muslims were constantly trying to expand their empire. Islam . In Column 3 (4) the sample is restricted to ethnic groups outside the Muslim empires where the dominant religion during the expansion of Islam was a non-monotheistic (monotheistic) one. List 3 reasons why this battle was the "fiercest and bloodiest kind." Hypothesis #2: How did the early Islamic empire expand? Take note that this cohesive or unifying effect is another reason why Islam spread quickly from Mecca and Medina, and beyond within the Arabian Peninsula. Contacts between China and the Hellenistic world were likely made at this time, with Alexander having established the city of Alexandria Eschate (or Alexander the Farthest) that became an important trading city on the emerging Silk Road. Central Historical Question . Do you think this document is a reliable source for determining how the Islamic Empire expanded in the 7th and 8th centuries? The Destruction of Baghdad, and the Bastardization of the Ulama. Point out the extent of the empire as it grew during the 7th and 8th centuries. With the expansion of Alexander the Great's empire to India and Central Asia, the Greeks became more aware of the East's riches. During the reign of Bakr, the emerging Arab-Islamic Empire used jihads, or holy wars, to expand their lands and their influence. The first is the expansion of Islamic states—that is, states whose ruling elite consisted… Islam, Islam The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muḤammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the… Pan-islamism, Pan-Islam Pan-Islam is the ideology that calls for the . And the money from trade also helped farmers get through a bad year, or even a number of bad years in a row. That was then, this is now. It was an empire inspired and sustained by Islam, and Islamic institutions. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in southeastern Europe and the Middle East. 24,000 Muslims took part and 70,000 Greeks were put to death. By around the middle of the 7th century, they ruled over much of . Islam did not arise until the seventh century, but expanded quickly after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632. Final Claim/Summary: Based on the three documents you analyzed, write a detailed paragraph to answer the following question: How did the Islamic Empire expand? (Close Reading) List 3 reasons why this battle was the . Completed in 1908, it permitted thousands of Muslims to make the . Slide5: Expansion of the Early Caliphates. It replaced the Byzantine Empire . Vocabulary 1. Early Expansion of Islam. Schools of higher education and libraries were built throughout the empire. 6 Expansion of the Early Caliphates . In the first quarter of the fourteenth century, Sundiata, a descendant of the royal Keita family, rose to take the mantle of the new Mali Empire. How Islam Quickly Spread. Not an Early Convert Like most Meccans, Khalid initially opposed the teachings of Muhammad. For those fourteen or so centuries, the Islamic Empire was a force to be reckoned with in science, arts and culture as it covered a significant portion of the earth's surface. MAGHReg Islamic world under Territcry add«d by caiphg, 661-750 campaigns AFGHANISTAN BALUCHISTAN EGYP$ N The Spread Of The . Go to Sassanian Period in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) Arab Muslim forces conquered vast territories and built imperial structures over time. According to tradition, the Umayyad family (also known as the Banu Abd-Shams) and Muhammad [saw] both descended from a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, and they originally came from the city of Mecca. The early rise of Islam (632-700) The Muslim community spread through the Middle East through conquest, and the resulting growth of the Muslim state provided the ground in which the recently. See this event in other timelines: 7th century. Hypothesis #4: How did the Islamic Empire expand? Islam spread quickly because the Islamic state was initially able to expand very quickly. As Muslim traders penetrated deeper into Africa so the religion spread from one empire to another, taking hold first at Gao in 985 CE and then within the Ghana Empire (6th-13th century CE) from the late 10th century CE. 4. Not only did the new Islamic community, or umma, continue, but within the next 200 years, Islam spread throughout much of the region. Just decades later . The 8th to the 14th century is known as the Islamic golden age of arts and sciences. Pre-reading question: If you were the leader of an empire, what methods would you use to try and . From there, the religion spread eastwards to the Mali Empire (1240-1645 CE) and the Songhai Empire (c. 1460 - c. 1591 CE). Why do you think he wrote this document? There's also worldly motives. Khalid ibn al-Walid (c. 590-642) was the primary Arab general during the first phase of the Arab conquests in the seventh century. For the subjects of the empire, formerly of the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires, not much changed in practice. The early Byzantine Empire had a culture that was Greco-Roman. •After Muhammad's death, Islamic Empire expanded from Arabian Peninsula to the Atlantic Ocean in the West and to the Indian Ocean in the East A) The Expansion Of Islam (632-846) 632 (Muhammad's death: Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam, iniciating a milirary expansion) 7th century: expansion by Byzantine territories (Syria, Egypt) and Persian Empire. The Arabs defeat a Persian army at Kadisiya and then sack the city of Ctesiphon, effectively bringing to an end the Sassanian dynasty. At its greatest extent, the Ottoman Empire covered an enormous territory, including Anatolia, the Balkan region in Europe, most of the Arabic-speaking Middle East, and all of North Africa except for Morocco. In Document B, the Muslim forces could have abused the power they hadover Theodemir and his followers. A series of wars proceed in the following years from 941 - 946 lead to the . In this section, we cover the Islamic Empire from the start of Islam (610 CE) to the fall of the Ottoman Empire (1924). By the time of the Prophet Muhammad's death (A.D. 632), the Arabian Peninsula, and thus the entire opposite shore of the Red Sea, had come under the influence of the new religion. The early Middle Ages is the period from the fifth century to the ninth century. The Islamic Empires, more specifically the Umayyads (661-750 CE) and the Abbasids (750-1258 CE), used Islam to control and grow its empire. How did the early Islamic empire expand? The Rise of The Islamic Civilization. Ethiopia and the Early Islamic Period. Islamic Expansion Document Activity. According to the document A: battle of Yarmuck, the battle was fierce and bloody. The Incident that brought an end to the Islamic Golden Age. Campaigns against the Byzantine and Sassanid (Persian) Empires were initiated which pitted this new religion of Islam, with its desert Arabian warriors against the established and ancient empires centered in Constantinople and Ctesiphon. For example, Greek was the language of everyday use, but Latin was the official language of the government. Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries. Islam entered Burma from India through Muslim traders. Directions: Use the documents below to complete the packet on the expansion of Islam. This account, written by Muslim historian Ahmad al-Biladuri in the 800s CE, describes the battle. Step 3: Document . Why do you think he wrote this document? A 4,000 army were sent into Egypt by the muslims Khalifa Omar under the commander Amr Ibn Al-Aas in 639, another 5,000 army joined in 640 and conquered the Byzantine army at Heliopolis battle.then Amr continued to Alexandria then, the Byzantine army surrendered to him by a treaty signed in Nov.941. Islamic leaders conquered Iran in 641 and in 642, Egypt was under Islamic control. This powerful Meccan clan was set up after the death of Ali. In Column 1 (2) the sample includes ethnic groups within (outside) the Muslim empires as classified by Iyigun (2010). The Spread of Islam. The epidemic plague significantly contributed to the weakening of the Eastern Roman Empire, and the rapid decline of the Persian Empire, while during the early expansion phases of Islam, it indirectly favoured the nomadic Arab tribes which, moving on desert or semi-desert territories, succeeded in escaping the contagion more easily. At this time the capital, Córdoba, was the largest and most sophisticated . In particular, you will be hypothesizing about what strategies Muslims used to expand. These methods included military conquest, political means, and financial incentives. 622-632 - Islamic Empire under Mohammad. 3. 8th . During the reign of Bakr, the emerging Arab-Islamic Empire used jihads, or holy wars, to expand their lands and their influence. Qaryat Ohat Kahl (al-Fw0 San'aa. Name: _____ Period: _____ Document A: Battle of Yarmuk 1. Great advances were made in many areas of science, mathematics, and medicine. 5 Expansion of the Early Caliphates . The Ottoman Empire was the one of the largest and longest lasting Empires in history. It is undeniable that the Muslim/Arab Empire spread by military force all over the Middle East; but this did not automatically translate into the spread of Islam as a religion. 2. The Umayads were the first Muslim dynasty — that is, they were the first rulers of the Islamic Empire to pass down power within their family. After examining the map on Islamic expansion make a hypothesis for the following question: How did the early Islamic empire expand? After the life of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), Islamic expansion truly began in the early 630s, AD. The political and geographical entity governed by the Muslim Ottoman Turks. A little more than a hundred years after his death, the Umayyad Caliphate stretched across the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain, becoming the largest empire ever up to that point. By the early years of the twentieth century the Ottoman Empire was clearly in decline and was referred to as the "Sick Man of Europe." There were, however, some positive accomplishments in this period, such as the Hijaz Railway. The Arabian Peninsula was in the middle of two large empires. How did the early Islamic empire expand? Answer 2. Lebanon and Syria. 24,000 Muslims took part and 70,000 Greeks were put to death. These methods included military conquest, political means, and financial incentives. The early Islamic Empire expanded because of how they treated people and followers of a different religion, as well as how becoming a Muslim or respecting their religion [Islam] gave you benefit. The government he had set up was altered to provide for a governmental and religious leader that . To Shiite Muslims, on the other hand, the first three were usurpers since they were not . The early Islamic Empire expanded due to the first prophet, Muhammad, being a very strong leader and expanding the empire a greatly before he died, and then his successors followed that ruling and expanded even more. What is its purpose? The Ulama, the True Guardians of Civilization. Building the railway was undertaken in 1900 by Sultan Abdul-Hamid, as a pan-Islamic project. The confusion arises when writers and historians interpret the expansion of the Muslim/Arab Empire as the expansion of Islam, the religion. Later known as Sayf Allah ("the Sword of God"), Khalid initially fought against Muhammad and the early Muslim community. In Document A: I noticed a few key words that really stood out, "In this battle 24,000 Muslims took part, 70,000 Greeks were put to death." This shows that the Muslim empire was growing stronger and more vital to the survival of their empire as well as expansion. THE EXPANDING OF THE MUSLIM EMPIRE Umayyads, were the members of the Sunni dynasty of caliphs that ruled a Muslim empire from 661 to 750. Step 1: Use the map to help you with hypothesize how the Islamic empires expanded. 3. Tudmir. Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries. The Islamic Civilization is today and was in the past an amalgam of a wide variety of cultures, made up of polities and countries from North Africa to the western periphery of the Pacific Ocean, and from Central Asia to sub-Saharan Africa.
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